Inclusive Education Essay - 3477 Words

What is inclusive education? Inclusive education is concerned with the education and accommodation of ALL children in society, regardless of their physical, intellectual, social, or linguistic deficits. Inclusion should also include children from disadvantaged groups, of all races and cultures as well as the gifted and the disabled (UNESCO, 2003). Inclusion tries to reduce exclusion within the education system by tackling, responding to and meeting the different needs of all learners (Booth, 1996). It involves changing the education system so that it can accommodate the unique styles and way of learning of each learner and ensure that there is quality education for all through the use of proper resources, suitable curricula, appropriate†¦show more content†¦Inclusive education also recognises that learning occurs both at home and in the community and therefore the support of parents, family and the community is vital (Department of Education, 2001). Truly inclusive schools understand the uniqueness of e very child, that all children can learn and that all children have different gifts, strengths learning styles and needs. These schools then provide the appropriate means and support through which these needs can be met (UNESO, 2003) The necessity for making schools and classrooms inclusive in South Africa Inclusion has become a necessity in South Africa as South Africa has a history of violence and the education system has always been politicised and used by the ruling class as a way of marginalising and stigmatising various groups in society (De Lange, 1989). Inequalities in our society, lack of access to basic services and poverty are prevailing historical factors that place our children at risk and still lead to severe exclusion of children with barriers to learning (whether it be economic, social, intellectual, language, socio-economic or physical barriers) (UNESCO, 2005). Today there are still about two hundred and eighty thousand learners with disabilities or impairments that are not in any form of education (Department of Education, 2001). Inclusion is therefore necessary because all learners have a right to an education, to be accepted and given theShow MoreRelatedInclusive Curriculum : Education And Inclusive Education769 Words   |  4 PagesInclusive Curriculum In the 19th century, special needs learners, particularly students with disability have to be segregated in the special schools. However, over the past decades, humanity’s progress has occurred in acknowledging that students with special needs enjoy the same education rights as their peers. Nowadays, this group of student cohort has access to mainstreaming schools and inclusive education. In Australia, today’s classrooms are becoming increasingly diverse. According to AustralianRead MoreInclusive Education1804 Words   |  8 Pagesaccess to regular schools – that is the basic idea of the department’s Inclusive Education or Mainstreaming Program. In the Mainstreaming Program, the department maintains a warm and accepting classroom community that honors differences and embraces diversity of students. In the Philippines in 1992, the enactment of Republic Act 7277, otherwise known as the Magna Carta for Disabled Persons, provided the Department of Education a stronger impetus to improve on its educational services for these childrenRead MoreInclusive Education3595 Words   |  15 PagesINCLUSIVE EDUCATION: CHALENGES AND PROSPECT IN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE ABSTRACT Inclusive education is process of strengthening the capacity of the education system to reach out to all learners, irrespective of their abilities, disabilities, ethnicity, gender and age, and receives quality education. The purpose of the study is to ensure that all children gain access to quality education that will prepare them to contribute to country’s progress. Recommendations to send children with disabilities toRead MoreInclusive Education And Its Impact On Education1074 Words   |  5 PagesBackground In the last few decades the education system has changed drastically. As a result of The Salamanca Statement which highlights right of education for all children (UNESCO, 1995) implementation of inclusive education has been the goal in many countries (Leyser Kirk, 2004). Although the movement of inclusive education has gained momentum in recent years, there are number of factor that plays important role for inclusive education to be successful, such as training, resources, legislationRead MoreInclusive Education Essay1546 Words   |  7 PagesInclusion, a complex issue which creates continuous debates. In the book Creating Inclusive Classrooms, J. Spencer Salend defines inclusion as : â€Å"[†¦] a philosophy that brings diverse students, families, educators and community members together to create schools and other social institutions based on acceptance, belonging and community [†¦] (Creating inclusive Classrooms, 2005, p.6) As a result, inclusive education considers as from a young age, all students as full members of the school communityRead MoreThe Challenges Of Inclusive Education Essay1592 Words   |  7 PagesChallenges of inclusive education Koster (2009), defines the ‘social participation’ as, â€Å"The social participation of peoples with special needs in regular education is the presence of positive contact/interaction between these children and their classmates; acceptance of them by their classmates; social relationships/friendships between them and their classmates and the people s perception they are accepted by their classmates† He further says that in a regular classroom students with differentRead MoreInclusive Education in India2690 Words   |  11 PagesA note on Inclusive Education Historically, attempts towards development and ensuring equality and justice for all have commonly been found to conform to the norms and systems of the majority. Most of these attempts have articulated the need for inclusion of all segments of the society – however, in most cases this articulation took the form of ‘special care systems’ that ultimately led to further exclusion of these com munities – physically, mentally and psychologically. For a variegated and multi-segmentRead More Inclusive Education Essay3017 Words   |  13 Pagesface special education. Although we live in a democratic nation, many people are unaware that every human being is to be treated equally in an educational institution. Is society conscious of the fact that students with special needs are able to be included in regular education classrooms, whether they be mentally or physically disabled? What actions should people take as legislator, citizen, parent, teacher or student? Typically, the primary responsibility of general education teachers isRead MoreInclusive Education For Children With Disabilities1631 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Inclusive education is where children with disabilities receive special education services in the general education setting. Many factors can make inclusion difficult or complex. Accommodating instruction to meet the educational needs of all students is one of the most fundamental problems in education. Many argue that inclusive practices benefit all students. While others argue that inclusive education is inadequately designed to meet the needs of exceptional students. Benefits of inclusiveRead MoreCollaborative Teaching And Inclusive Education1495 Words   |  6 PagesSpecial education settings provide an exclusive service to students who are physically or mentally challenged. There are many creative, and innovative teaching approaches and techniques developed these days to facilitate learners with special needs. Focusing to expand their learning outcomes I have decided to choose Collaborative Teaching and Inclusive Education as the most effective evidence-based strategy. As a ma tter of fact, the understandings and mastering of the strategies are crucial before

Humor in Animal Farm by George Orwell Essay - 611 Words

In the novel Animal Farm, the writer satirizes certain characters, in an effort to depict society in a humorous way. This essay will focus on the characters of Boxer, Mollie and Napoleon. Boxer, described as a huge strong horse, is used by Orwell to represent the proletariat or working class of Russia. Orwell may have been a socialist, but he didn’t hesitate to give a less than flattering portrayal of the mighty beast. Amongst Boxers qualities of being brave, loyal, selfless and compassionate, he is largely criticized for his stupidity and gullible attitude. Harsh isn’t it? Throughout the book Boxer takes on the motto’s â€Å"I will work harder.† And â€Å"Napoleon is always right.†, by doing this Orwell suggests that the Russian people were far too†¦show more content†¦Eventually Mollie runs away from the farm in search of a more comfortable life where she could receive all the luxuries she had in Jones’ time. Similarly, the middle class in Russia fled to the west when they were asked to give up their luxuries. Coincidence? I think not. Some farmers name their pigs Wilbur; others name them after tyrannical dictators. By naming Napoleon (the pig) after Napoleon (the crazy French man), Orwell is referring to the possibility that Karl Marx’ theory of â€Å"communism† had the same faults as the French theory of â€Å"liberty†. That is, corruption. Orwell uses Napoleons character to illustrate the Russian leader Joseph Stalin. Orwell’s dislike for the leader is clearly noted. He criticizes the Soviet leaders by depicting them as power hungry pigs. When the farm experienced a food shortage Napoleon covered it up by filling the granaries with sand. In 1928 the USSR suffered immense famine. Stalin covered this up by sending false propaganda out into the west. During Napoleons rule he made use of huge dogs to take out anybody who opposed his tyranny, much like Stalin had used a secret police called the NKVD to take out his opposition Leon â€Å"Snowball† Trotsky. Orwell criticizes the soviets way of doing things, using the windmill. When the windmill comes crashing down, along with all the hard workShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of George Orwell s The Great Gatsby 1285 Words   |  6 PagesMr.Booth Period 6 English 12/3/14 Author Study of George Orwell George Orwell was a literary tactician who won two major awards because of hia advanced and intriguing use of propaganda. At first glance, his books appear to be stories about animals, however, they contain much deeper and influential meanings. Orwell is most recognized for his portrayal of dystopian societies and how they parallel present society. Through intense allegories, Orwell unintentionally crafted novels that are applicableRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1392 Words   |  6 Pages George Orwell Never Misuses Words In what was a vastly controversial novel published in 1945, George Orwell’s Animal Farm describes the horrific brand of communism in the Soviet Union and the conscious blindness that most of the West accepted at that time. Although Orwell labeled Animal Farm as a fairy tale, this historically parallel novel branches into the genres of political satire, fable, and allegory as well. What made Animal Farm so controversial among the â€Å"British socialists† and WesternRead MoreGeorge Orwell and Animal Farm and 19841008 Words   |  5 Pages George Orwell and Animal Farm and 1984 nbsp; George Orwell is only a pen name. The man behind the classics Animal Farm and 1984 was named Eric Arthur Blair and was born to a middle class family living in Bengal in 1903. Eric Blair got his first taste of class prejudice at a young age when his mother forced him to abandon his playmates, which were plumbers children (Crick 9). He could then play only with the other children in the family, all of whom were at least five years older or youngerRead MorePower Corruption. It Is A Never A Leader’S Ideal Is To1081 Words   |  5 Pagesthey govern. In the novel Animal Farm, by George Orwell, George uses an allegorical reference between the animals in the story to symbolize actual humans. In Animal Farm the animals overthrow their human leaders in order to set up a life style where all animals are equal. In their act the very human cruel ideals and practices they revolted against ended up being the same they re-imposed. Animal Farm is an important work of fiction because of its ex treme use of satire. Orwell s novel makes fun of socialismRead MoreAnimal Farm And 19841457 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ George Orwell s views on totalitarian governments were not concealed from public view. He expressed his thoughts and opinions through his books. Among these books were Nineteen - Eighty -Four and Animal Farm, which were his works that most obviously portrayed his disfavor for totalitarian governments. Totalitarian governments are controlled by political authorities who have control of all aspects of society. Nineteen-Eighty-Four and Animal Farm are two different books that have different waysRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell1770 Words   |  8 PagesIn George Orwell s 1945 epic novel Animal Farm, the corruption of leadership is described and emphasized through the actions of farm animals. After gaining control of the farm where they were held, a human society arose between the animals with the most intelligent, or most disingenuous, animals rising to the top of the hierarchy. Sheep, chickens, even the farm dogs all bowed down to the pigs that tricked their way to power. The infa mous quote, â€Å"all animals are created equal, but some animalsRead MoreBlack Humor in America2112 Words   |  9 PagesBlack Humor One of the most underappreciated and unrecognized forms of comedy is black humor. Black humor often deals with events that are not often associated with other forms of comedy, such as war, murder, insanity and death. The main reason that this form of comedy is so underappreciated is that it requires some thinking on the part of the audience and many people are not willing to do that. The types of humor that are popular today do not require much thinking and can be characterizedRead MoreThe Downfall Of Communism : George Orwell s Animal Farm1867 Words   |  8 Pages THE DOWNFALL OF COMMUNISM 2 The Downfall of Communism George Orwell is the author of the novel, Animal Farm, which is an allegory for the Russian Revolution. An allegory is a story that uses characters or events to represent ideas. Animal Farm can be read as a fable of talking animals, or as a history book. Animal farm is full of information, you just need to reach out for it. Orwell wrote this to tell people the effects of communism and how it affected the Russian peopleRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984 And Animal Farm 1401 Words   |  6 PagesTitle/Author: 1984/ George Orwell Date of Publication/Genre: 1949/ Dystopian Fiction Biographical information about the author: George Orwell, who was originally Eric Arthur Blair was born in 1903 in British India. His two greatest novels include 1984 and Animal Farm. He is regarded as one of the greatest novelist of the 20th century. Historical information on the period of publication: During this period, the United Kingdom recognized the republic of Ireland. The United States claimed Israel asRead MoreCommentary on the Satiric Nature of George Orwells 19841926 Words   |  8 Pages Without a doubt, George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four exhibits such a blend of style through characteristics of a dystopian novel and satire. Orwell lived in a time when the spread of communism, mostly unbeknownst to his audience, posed an unimaginable threat to freedom. Therefore, though his novel, he attempted to emphasize the fallacies that would exist in a totalitarian nation-state if people were to accept its lure of equality. However, many argue about how exactly Orwell goes about achieving

Social Etiquette Medical Marketing & Media

Question: Discuss about theSocial Etiquettefor Medical Marketing Media. Answer: Introdcution It is important for every person to behave in a way that is responsible in a way that is acceptable in the society. Everyone should avoid people around them not to feel embarrassed due to their bad behavior. Some embarrassing behaviors that should be avoided includes illogical or irrational behaviors in the public. Social etiquette is therefore basically what makes human beings to be different from the rest of the animals. According to Wang (2015), human beings are social animals and it is very crucial for them to behave appropriately by behaving in a socially responsible manner. If one observes people out there in their daily activities, they are likely possible to find individuals who do not have etiquette. Having etiquette can also be referred to as having good manners which is essential for any civilization (Bashe, 2008). As earlier stated, the foundation of social etiquette is all about having behavior that is acceptable to the community, that is, professional, social and polite (Klie, 2016). This includes both in family and professional situations (Wang, 2015). Good manners can mean the difference between failure and success in most of the life aspects. Social etiquette has its foundation in family set up. This is the place where everyone ought to have social etiquette. This is the best way to start off with social etiquette. For instance, when one gets married, they start to think of how they are going to get along with the new in-laws. It is also important that in-laws also show good manners to the new family members. Still in the family, using words such as please and thank you are part of having social etiquette (Shuling, Cindy Yunhsin and Meng-chen, 2016). This is better off than when people use language of issuing orders and refutation. Children in the family should also be taught how to have social etiquette so that they take it out to the world. According to Abrutyn and Carter (2014), family etiquette is the foundation of social etiquette for children are taught how to behave to the rest of the world. Some of the simple things are basically taught in the family unit. They include behaviors like how to respect the belongings of others at home, respecting each others personal space, not interrupting people when they are talking, chewing with ones mouth when its closed, avoiding to speak to people on phone when at dinner and so on. Children learn this at home and this determines how they would behave when they are in the public, with strangers and friends, at someones place or even in hotels (Croom and Davis, 2006). If one treats the others with respect, then the person is likely to remain on their list of the persons they trust. They are the ones who would be invited to parties and they would be cared for. Social etiquette saves one from embarrassments by behaving in a way that is offensive or unbecoming. This is no exclusion of social media which can magnify peoples behavior. There are basic unwritten rules of social etiquette. Some of them include keeping time when going for meetings, get-togethers or even dates. Arriving late is a sense of disrespect for the other persons time (Ankeny, 2011). One should never interrupt another while they are talking. Most importantly one should keep eye contact when they are conversing. It is also important for one to give or receive compliments graciously (Croom and Davis, 2006). Etiquette also includes holding doors for anyone who seem to be struggling such as the disabled, the aged, parents and children. Also, refusal to gossip with and about friends is equally important in social etiquette. Social etiquette also extends to letting the other person know when one is contagiously sick and may involve postponing and rescheduling plans. Sharing and tipping friends when one is invited to a place is also a sense of social etiquette. Failure to do so may mean that one may not be invited somewhere again. In the social media one should never post things that are not appropriate for the world to see (Croom and Davis, 2006). People should respond to posts and give praise when needed for there are other people who require attention such kind of attention (The etiquette of offering help, 1996). When one makes mistakes on social media, they should own them and offer sincere apologies appropriately. Most importantly everyone should follow the rules of the kind of social media they are using. All this means that an individuals has the acceptable social etiquette. Both business side and ones personal life has guidelines and rules for how to behave and it leaves most people unaware of how they are supposed to behave in new environments. One of the most important things to do is making sure they are prepared before making a social mistake. There are several reasons why social etiquette is important (Golman, 2015). One of the reasons is that it makes an individual to be well cultured in the society and leaves a mark behind wherever they go. Social etiquette teaches one the way to walk, talk and above all it helps one to understand the best way to behave in the society (Adhere to Social Etiquette, 2004). It is social etiquette that determines the first impression one can make after meeting someone. The way a person communicates with their parents, superiors, friends, fellow workers can tell a lot about their personal personality and determines the first impression they create when they meet new persons (Wood and Warin, 2014). Having social etiquette is important because it enables one to be respected and appreciated in the society (Arnold, 2008). This is because no one would want to talk to a person who does not know how to behave or speak in the society. Having social etiquette inculcates a sense of loyalty and trust in people. This is because the person becomes more mature and responsible (Saurisse, 2013). Relationships are also greatly based on social etiquette. There are several other reasons why social etiquette is important in that it enables one to be comfortable with themselves because of knowing how to behave and react to a particular situation. Social etiquette plays a part in making clear conversation due to breaking down of all barriers that may occur rather than raising them (Saurisse, 2013). Other peoples feelings are protected by practicing proper social etiquette. This is because persons who have proper social etiquette do not point the errors and mistakes with others or draw attention to the errors and mistakes. In the work settings, an employee who has proper social etiquette is seen as more professional, more capable and more intelligent than those that have improper code of conduct. Peoples culture and the society at large are changing fast and this has led to difficulties in keeping the rules of social etiquette. Social etiquette is meant to be guideline rules to be followed but not a set of strict rules (Walmsley, 2009). The reason why most people today do not have social etiquette is because they were never taught at home when they were at a young age. Parents have failed to play their role in teaching teenagers and children about etiquette (Golman, 2015; Pr, 2013). It is difficult for children who were never been taught social etiquette to practice it when they are adults. However, it is good for people with problems of having social etiquette to start practicing it privately. It can be difficult to switch to our good behavior when one feels like (Loguercio, 2012). Our best behavior should be shown to people we love most. There are people who argue that they want to learn etiquette. However, such people question why some things are appropriate in one country and not acceptable in another not understanding that different cultures determine the etiquettes in those regions. There has been some truth that some gentlemen learnt their proper social etiquette from their mothers. Being aware of importance of etiquette is becoming more necessary as the rules in social etiquette guide a person through a situation in todays changing and shrinking world. In the recent years, people will wonder if there is the possibility of advancing the Marxist theory of etiquette or a Marxist strategy of subversion (Lee, 2005). It is clear that people in the upper classes, according to Marxist by the way their system of etiquette is codified. Max says that there is space for vulgarity that is licensed even in aristocratic estates (Golman, 2015). The theory holds that etiquette entails private and public distinction which is the subject of Marxist. It is important to note that there is a complex relationship between etiquette and morals. For example, one can refer to manners being morals but again when someone eats with their mouth open it cannot be referred to as immoral but r ather lack of etiquette. People in the middle class have established their own manners and etiquette in attempt to follow their aristocratic civility to homely words such dirtiness and swearing. They justify themselves with religious ideology. To them, vulgarity is attributed to people in the working class (Bzdega, 2006). It is not only the working class that always existed as a mode of resistance and survival to impositions. Working class manners have been defined in reaction in contradiction to other systems of etiquette (Croom and Davis, 2006). To have social etiquette, the little things matter. An etiquette guide cannot take care of every situation that is possible as one move through life. Social etiquette comprises of many different life situations, each of which depends on the cultural values of people living in that nation. However, acceptable social etiquette is standard in every cultural region. Every small act can improve the life of an individual and pass it to some else. So every individual ough t to show some kindness to others. In conclusion, everyone should avoid making people around them from feeling embarrassed due to their bad behavior. This can be through behaving illogically or irrationally in the public. Social etiquette is therefore basically what makes human beings to be different from the rest of the animals. Human beings are social animals and it is very crucial for them to behave appropriately by behaving in a socially responsible manner (Croom and Davis, 2006). Having social etiquette is important that it enables one to be respected and appreciated in the society. This is because no one would want to talk to a person who does not know how to behave or speak in the society. The reason why most people today do not have social etiquette is because they were never taught at home. Parents have failed to play their role in teaching teenagers and children about etiquette. References Abrutyn, S. Carter, M. (2014). The Decline in Shared Collective Conscience as Found in the Shifting Norms and Values of Etiquette Manuals. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 45(3), 352-376. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jtsb.12071 Ankeny, J. (2011). 'The new social etiquette', Entrepreneur, 39, 1, p. 119. Arnold, M (2008). 'Social Etiquette', Medical Marketing Media, 43, p. 9 'Adhere to Social Etiquette' (2004). Beijing Review, 47, 25, p. 4 Bashe, G (2008) 'Social Etiquette', Medical Marketing Media, 43, 10, pp. 43-45, Business Source Complete. Bzdega, S (2006). 'Social Etiquette 101', Des Moines Business Record, 24, 35, p. 39 Croom, L. Davis, B. (2006). It's Not Polite to Interrupt, and other Rules of Classroom Etiquette. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 42(3), 109-113. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00228958.2006.10516445 Etiquette' (2009). Turkey Country Review, pp. 110-113 Golman, R. (2015). Good manners: signaling social preferences. Theory and Decision, 81(1), 73-88. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11238-015-9527-7 Klie, L. (2016). 'Social Community', CRM Magazine, 20, 6, pp. 24-27 Lee, Ce. (2005). 'The New Social Etiquette: Friends Don't Let Friends Dial Drunk', New York Times, 30 Loguercio, M (2012). '"Social" Etiquette', Insurance Advocate, 123, 5, pp. 8-14, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 October 2016. Pr, N (2013). 'National MyLife Survey Reveals Lack of Social Etiquette -- "Lurking," "Vaguebooking" and "Sharenting" Alive and Well', PR Newswire US Saurisse, P. (2013). Sculpting Etiquette: Gilbert and George's Radical Good Manners. Visual Culture in Britain, 14(1), 101-114. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14714787.2012.748587 Shuling, L, Cindy Yunhsin, C, Meng-chen, L. (2016). 'The Effects of Motivation Triggered by Social Presence Cues on the use of emoticon in Social Network Service', Proceedings for the Northeast Region Decision Sciences Institute (NEDSI), pp. 1-36 The etiquette of offering help' (1996). CQ Researcher, 6, 47, p. 1112 Walmsley, A (2009). 'A point of social etiquette', Marketing (00253650), p. 12 Wang, B. (2015). Culture and Aesthetic Choice of Sports Dance Etiquette in the Cultural Perspective. Asian Social Science. https://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v11n25p160 Wood, P, Warin, J (2014). 'Social and emotional aspects of learning: Complementing, compensating and countering parental practices', British Educational Research Journal, 40, 6, pp. 937-951

Using Facebook for Multinational Cosmetics Companies

An Audience Study on the Effectiveness of Using Facebook for Multinational Cosmetics Companies to Target Local Emirati Females Living in Dubai.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Using Facebook for Multinational Cosmetics Companies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction Research question and sub-questions Social media influence many aspects of the people’s life, including the persons’ purchasing behavior. In this context, it is important to conduct a research on the role of Facebook in affecting cosmetic companies’ marketing strategies in Dubai and answer the following research question: How can multinational cosmetic companies MAC and Bobbi Brown effectively engage in communicating with local Emirati females in Dubai via Facebook? Sub-questions important to be answered in the research are the following ones: (1) How has MAC used FB for marketing its products to Emirati females 20-25 y /o in Dubai? (2) How has Bobbi Brown used FB for marketing its products to Emirati females 20-25 y/o in Dubai? (3) How do local Emirati females 20-25 y/o experience and assess marketing via FB for the multinational cosmetic companies MAC and Bobbi Brown? Importance of studying this topic The importance of studying this topic is in the fact that the role of social media in affecting the market can be different, depending on the cultural features of certain regions, such as Dubai. Theories that support the discussion are Framing and Agenda-Setting Theory and Social Cognitive Theory. In this research proposal, I will discuss the research methodology with the focus on data collection and analysis of the appropriateness of close reading and focus group methods to answer the formulated research questions in the context of the presented theories. I will discuss the methods’ strengths and weaknesses, explain the choice of methods, and analyze the methods’ reliability, validity , and ethics. Methodology Focus group method The focus group is a qualitative survey method used to explore what opinions and perceptions are prevalent in the concrete population group (Belk, 2007, p. 256). Focus group in the form of a discussion or interview is the most effective method to choose for this research because participants can discuss the proposed issues openly and from their individual perspectives (Hultman Ek, 2011, p. 166). The method allows recording any agreement or disagreement in the discussion without interrupting the conversation. Furthermore, the focus group method is correlated with Social Cognitive Theory, according to which individual opinions of participants are discussed with references to the visions of other members of the group (LaRose Eastin, 2004, p. 358).Advertising Looking for proposal on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Close Reading The next method to be used in the research is close reading. The method is useful because it allows analyzing the effectiveness of texts used in marketing with the help of social media (Treadwell, 2010, p. 114). Close reading helps interpret the text and identify patterns, as it is important with references to Framing and Agenda-Setting theory. Close reading is an effective method to examine posts of cosmetics companies and focus on how they frame objects in their slogans and messages (Close reading of a literary passage, 2014). Strengths and weaknesses of methods Strengths of the focus group method are the focus on the real-life data and flexibility in conducting the interview (Babbie, 2009, p. 323). It is an in-depth socially oriented research technique which provides opportunities for obtaining individual perceptions in the non-threatening environment (Hesse-Biber Leavy, 2010, p. 209). Focus group is â€Å"a quick and cheap alternative to ‘proper’ survey or interview research† (Belk, 2007, p. 256). The limitations of focus group are impossibility to control dynamics properly and difficulties associated with the data analysis (Babbie, 2009, p. 323). Strengths of close reading are the possibility to analyze any text in the sphere of marketing and identify patterns (McNamara, 2012, p. 112). Still, close reading is time-consuming (McNamara, 2012, p. 114). The appropriateness of using methods The focus group method is appropriate for the research because of the necessity to explore the individuals’ opinions regarding the use of social media as the part of the marketing strategy. The received data will be used to create the conceptual framework to discuss the issue. This method is the most effective because of reflecting the females’ real visions regarding the effectiveness of social media use in marketing. Close reading is important to understand what aspects in texts attract the target group’s attention.Advertising We will write a custom proposal s ample on Using Facebook for Multinational Cosmetics Companies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Data collection and stages of the research To collect the real-life data with the help of a focus group interview, it is necessary to develop an interview guide (Packer-Muti, 2010, p. 1025). The second step is to assemble the group of young female Emiratis with similar demographic features (Babbie, 2009, p. 323). The next step is to conduct the interview while recoding the data. It is important to control the participants’ engagement into the discussion and make notes regarding the patterns identified in the conversation. The collection of data through close reading includes the reading of posts; making annotations; and identifying patterns (McNamara, 2012, p. 112). Validity, reliability, and generalization of results The focus group method is characterized by the â€Å"high face validity† because personal data is collected dur ing the research (Babbie, 2009, p. 323). Close reading is reliable, but it is a less valid method because different researchers interpret the received data from different perspectives (Close reading of a literary passage, 2014; McNamara, 2012, p. 115). The results received via focus group and close reading cannot be generalized (Packer-Muti, 2010, p. 1024). Ethics Inviting respondents to participate in the focus group interview, it is necessary to ask them to sign the informed consent regarding the use of collected data and to focus on the issue of confidentiality (Belk, 2007, p. 134). Conclusion In order to conduct the research on the topic of using Facebook posts for influencing the target public of young females in Dubai with the focus on the business of two cosmetic companies, it is necessary to use such methods as the focus group interview and close reading because these methods address the requirements of the exploratory research. Focus group is most useful because it provides the data regarding the personal perceptions of the target audience, and this data can be used for improving marketing strategies. The problem is in the fact that this data can be applied only to the discussed companies because of the method’s limitations. Close reading is effective enough to provide the idea on why young female Emiratis are interested in the discussed companies’ products. The study could have been better if I had used a combination of other qualitative methods to support the focus group’s results.Advertising Looking for proposal on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More My focus on highlighting certain topics in the focus group’s discussion and during close reading could impact the results of the research and my overall approach to analyzing the received information while discussing it in the context of the identified theories. The bias could be avoided with the focus on using more detailed ethnographic research in addition to the focus group method. References Babbie, E. (2009). The practice of social research. NewYork, NY: Cengage Learning. Belk, R. (2007). Handbook of qualitative research methods in marketing. Boston, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing. Close reading of a literary passage. (2014). Retrieved from https://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/reading_lit.html Hesse-Biber, S., Leavy, P. (2010). Handbook of emergent methods. NewYork, NY: Guilford Press. Hultman, J., Ek, R. (2011). Can there only be one? Towards a post-paradigmatic service marketing approach. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 3(2), 166-180. LaRose, R., Eastin, M. (2004). A Social Cognitive Theory of Internet Uses and Gratifications: Toward a new model of media attendance. Journal of Broadcasting Electronic Media, 48(3), 358-377. McNamara, D. (2012). Reading comprehension strategies: Theories, interventions, and technologies. Boston, MA: Psychology Press. Packer-Muti, B. (2010). Conducting a focus group. The Qualitative Report, 15(4), 1023-1030. Treadwell, D. (2010). Introducing communication research: Paths of inquiry. NewYork, NY: SAGE Publishing. This proposal on Using Facebook for Multinational Cosmetics Companies was written and submitted by user Randall Mccray to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cause of the Financial Crisis

Nowadays, it became a commonplace practice among many American economists and politicians to suggest that it is specifically the Federal government’s failure to introduce regulatory measures, as the mean of preventing banks from providing financially non-credible citizens with mortgage loans, which created objective preconditions for the outbreak of 2007 financial crisis. The close analysis of such an idea, however, reveals it being essentially deprived of a rationale.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cause of the Financial Crisis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The reason for this is quite apparent – it was namely the Democrats’ preoccupation with ‘combating poverty’ (under Carter and Clinton’s administrations) that resulted in passing of the infamous Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) and in reinforcing its provisions through the course of late nineties, which in turn gave banks a ‘green light’ to qualify socially-unproductive Americans for mortgage loans (Wallison, 2011). Moreover, the Federal government is being simply in no position to regulate dynamics on the American financial market de facto, since it has long ago delegated its monopoly on designing monetary emission-policies to the privately owned Federal Reserve System. Therefore, the suggestions that the government should pass additional bylaws, in order for the financial market’s dynamics to be more predictable, cannot be referred to as anything but the part of Democrats’ sophistically sounding but essentially meaningless rhetoric. In this paper, I will aim to substantiate the validity of this statement at length. Let us elaborate on the actual causes of the most recent financial crisis first. By the year 2006, the volume of so-called ‘non-standard’ and ‘alternative’ mortgage loans, provided by banks to Americans, accounted for 40%. In ot her words, almost a good half of mortgage loans were given to people that would not normally be qualified to receive them. Yet, even though that this particular financial policy did not make any rational sense, whatsoever, through years 2003-2006 American banks strived their best to cease the opportunity to simply ‘give away’ money to those citizens that were simply in no position to be able to afford repaying annual interest rates. Why was it the case? This was because, prior to the outbreak of 2007 financial crisis, the real estate market in America was experiencing a particularly dramatic growth. In its turn, this caused more and more Americans to realize that they could make utterly lucrative profits by the mean of buying houses with bank-loans, waiting for a year or two, without even being required to pay interest on the received loans, and then selling these houses for often twice as much.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we c an help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, as time went on, a growing number of Americans were beginning to perceive mortgage loans not in terms of an opportunity to buy otherwise non-affordable real estate per se, but rather in terms of an opportunity to indulge in financial speculations. This, of course, caused the growth of the real estate market in America to attain an exponential momentum. Eventually, American bankers concluded that ‘non-standard’ and ‘alternative’ mortgage loans could also be provided to citizens for investment purposes. That is, banks started to sell mortgage agreements and potential profits (which were yet to be obtained in the future) to each other. It is needless to mention, of course, that banks were not financing these types of loans with their own assets, but with largely virtual assets of some third parties. In other words, non-financially sustainable citizens were receiving personal mortgage loan s from organizations that were simultaneously applying for corporate monetary loans, in order to have these loans simply given away to as many people as possible. One debt was generating another debt, which in turn was ‘backed’ by another debt, and so on. Yet, there was an artificially maintained respectability to all of this, as the ‘reselling of debts’ became a widespread practice. The mechanics of how the proper functioning of American economy was being undermined from within were quite simple. The likelihood of a particular mortgage loan not to be returned was evaluated by credit rating agencies, which used to result in security equities being rated according to the extent of their perceived ‘riskiness’. Loan agreements, considered most ‘secure’, were easily sold. Yet, given the continuous boom of the real estate market, even clearly risky loan agreements could be successfully resold to investors. As a result, all the involved parties were able to benefit from participating in the scheme – banks could get rid of legally bounding agreements with private citizens, investors could benefit from making almost instantaneous profits, and private borrowers could close their mortgage loans – hence, qualifying to apply for new ones. This situation lasted for seven years, while resulting in the rapid growth of America’s GDP. Millions of citizens were making huge money out of the thin air, without being required to contribute to the de facto growth of the American economy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cause of the Financial Crisis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nevertheless, the sustainability of the earlier described debt-pyramid was maintained solely by the continual but thoroughly artificial growth of the real estate market, which was attracting more and more investors. In its turn, this growth came because, as of 200 3, Federal Reserve System reduced interest rates down to 1%. This poses us with the question – given the fact that the cause of financial crises has always been the lack of financial liquidy, what caused the lack of financial liquidy in 2007? The answer to this question is simple – it was the FRS’s decision to dramatically increase interest rates through 2006- 2007. In essence, FRS simply followed the classical ‘recipe’ of making a financial crisis, which it had already resorted to during the time of Great Depression. The consequential guidelines for making a financial crisis are as follows: a) Increase the money’s physical volume as much as possible, b) Create loan-agitation by the mean of qualifying even jobless people to apply for loans, c) Drastically reduce the amount of money in circulation and demand borrowers to immediately return their debts. What it means is that, far from being spontaneous, the financial crisis of 2007 was intentio nal and thoroughly regulated, with its foremost goal having been the elimination (due to banks’ bankruptcies) of trillions of ‘excessive’ dollars, printed by FRS without bothering to back up their actual value with any material assets, whatsoever. Therefore, the suggestions that this crisis came because of the America’s financial system having been deregulated simply do not stand much ground. Quite on the contrary – it is specifically because, ever since 1913, FRS exercises a complete regulatory control over monetary emissions in this country, that the financial crisis of 2007 was bound to occur. In this respect, the Federal government’s regulations simply assisted FRS. The validity of this statement can be well explored in regards to the passing of enforcing bylaws to the earlier mentioned Community Reinvestment Act of 1977, â€Å"Bill Clinton†¦ passed laws to enforce the original (CRA) bill. The purpose of the CRA is to force banks to make risky loans to people who can’t afford to repay those loans† (Knight, para. 1). In other words, the government’s meddling in financial affairs, as the part of governmental officials pursuing its ideologically driven and clearly utopian agenda of ‘eliminating poverty’, contributed substantially to the outbreak of 2007 financial crisis.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Apparently, left-wing politicians simply do not understand a simple fact that the proper functioning of the free-market economy cannot be ‘regulated’ and that if it nevertheless becomes the subject of regulations (especially if these regulations are being ideologically motivated), this necessarily results in the economy’s functioning becoming susceptible to crises. There is another aspect to the earlier argument – as of today, the Federal government simply does not have instruments to regulate the functioning of FRS. This is because, contrary to the provisions of U.S. Constitution, which endows U.S. Congress with the exclusive right to exercise a unilateral control over the process of designing this country’s financial policies, this right has been delegated to FRS – a private financial organization, over which the government does not have any control. After all, it is FRS that lands money to the Federal government and not vice versa. Can bor rowers control a money-lending organization? President Kennedy did believe that it was in fact the case, which is why under his Presidency, the U.S. Ministry of Finances issued $2 and $5 banknotes, backed by silver from the National Treasury. This, however, had sealed the Kennedy’s eventual fate. Therefore, the suggestions that the functioning of the America’s financial sector could be regulated by governmental decrees appear utterly fallacious. As the example of CRA’s passing points out to, the government’s attempts to regulate this functioning simply create yet additional preconditions for the country’s richest bankers, who own FRS, to act on behalf of their sense of greed, at the expense of undermining the economy’s vitality from within. As Randazzo noted it, â€Å"Ironically, it was government action (the enforcement of CRA’s provisions) that created incentives for financial firms to be less risk adverse, not a lack of regulation † (2009, para. 6). Thus, we can well conclude that the more a particular ‘progressive’ politician talks about introducing more regulations, meant to apply to the America’s financial sector, the more he or she is being in cahoots with those greed-driven bankers, who are supposed to suffer from these regulations’ enactment – pure and simple. After all, as the history indicates, recently passed regulatory measures (such as CRA), originally conceived to work on behalf of ensuring the American economy’s stability and the ‘underprivileged’ citizens’ well-being , did not only fail at that but they actually strengthened the acuteness of the ongoing financial recession. As the famous saying goes – the road to hell is made out of good intentions. Therefore, it will only be logical, on our part, to conclude this paper by reinstating once again that the introduction of new regulatory bylaws, designed to prevent the outbre aks of financial crises, such as the one of 2007, will not possibly change the situation for better. The reason for this is simple – the periodic outbreaks of these crises can be well seen as the very purpose of the FRS’s existence. However, since the functioning of FRS cannot be regulated by governmental decrees de facto, it means that the government cannot effectively regulate the financial market’s dynamics either. I believe that this conclusion is being thoroughly consistent with the paper’s initial thesis. References Knight, W. (2009). Democrats caused the recession and Republicans tried to  stop it. WordPress.Com. Web. Randazzo, A. (2009). The myth of financial deregulation. Web. Wallison, P. (2011). Hey, Barney Frank: The government did cause the housing crisis. The Atlantic. Web. This essay on Cause of the Financial Crisis was written and submitted by user Maryam Maddox to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How Drinking Bleach Can Kill You

How Drinking Bleach Can Kill You Household bleach has many uses. Its good for removing stains and disinfecting surfaces. Adding bleach to water is an effective way to make it safe to use as drinking water. However, theres a reason there is a poison symbol on bleach containers and a warning to keep them away from children and pets. Drinking undiluted bleach can kill you. What Is in Bleach? Ordinary household bleach sold in gallon jugs (e.g., Clorox)  is 5.25% sodium hypochlorite in water. Additional chemicals may be added, especially if the bleach is scented. Some formulations of bleach are sold containing a lower concentration of sodium hypochlorite. Additionally, there are other types of bleaching agents. Bleach has a shelf life, so the exact amount of sodium hypochlorite depends largely on how old the product is and whether it has been opened and sealed properly. Because bleach is so reactive, it undergoes a chemical reaction with air, so the concentration of sodium hypochlorite goes down over time. What Happens If You Drink Bleach Sodium hypochlorite removes stains and disinfects because it is an oxidizing agent. If you inhale the vapors or ingest bleach, it oxidizes your tissues. Mild exposure from inhalation can result in stinging eyes,  a burning throat, and coughing. Because it is corrosive, touching bleach can cause chemical burns on your hands unless you wash it off immediately. If you drink bleach, it oxidizes or burns tissues in your mouth, esophagus, and stomach. According to the National Institutes of Health, it can cause nausea, chest pain, lowered blood pressure, delirium, coma, and potentially death. What Should You Do If Someone Drinks Bleach? If you suspect someone has ingested bleach, contact Poison Control immediately. One possible effect from drinking bleach is vomiting, but it is not advisable to induce vomiting because this can cause additional irritation and damage to tissue and may put the person at risk of aspirating bleach into the lungs. First aid typically includes giving the affected person water or milk to dilute the chemical. Note that highly diluted bleach can be another matter entirely. It is common practice to add a small amount of bleach to water to make it potable. The concentration is enough that the water has a slight chlorine (swimming pool) smell and taste and it may lead to a slightly upset stomach, but it should not cause burning or difficulty swallowing. If it does, the concentration of bleach very likely is too high. Avoid adding bleach to water that contains acids, such as vinegar. The reaction between bleach and vinegar, even in a diluted solution, releases irritating and potentially dangerous chlorine and chloramine vapors. If immediate first aid is administered, most people recover from drinking bleach (sodium hypochlorite poisoning). However, the risk of chemical burns, permanent damage, and even death are present. How Much Bleach Is Okay to Drink? According to the U.S. EPA, drinking water should contain no more than 4 ppm (parts per million) chlorine. Municipal water supplies commonly deliver between 0.2 and 0.5 ppm chlorine. When bleach is added to water for emergency disinfection, it is highly diluted. Suggested dilution ranges from the Centers for Disease Control are 8 drops of bleach per gallon of clear water up to 16 drops per gallon of cloudy water. Can You Drink Bleach to Pass a Drug Test? There are all kinds of rumors about ways you can beat a drug test. Obviously, the easiest way to pass the test is to avoid taking drugs in the first place, but thats not going to be much help if youve already taken something and are facing a test. Clorox  says their bleach contains water, sodium hypochlorite,  sodium chloride,  sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and sodium polyacrylate. They also make scented products that include fragrances. Bleach also contains small amounts of impurities, which arent a big deal when youre using the product for disinfection or cleaning  but could prove  toxic if ingested.  None of these ingredients binds to drugs or their metabolites or inactivates them such that you would test negative on a drug test. Bottom Line: Drinking bleach wont help you pass a drug test and may make you sick or dead.

Public transportation affects on the economy in terms of employment, Essay

Public transportation affects on the economy in terms of employment, wages, and business income in the usa - Essay Example This paper discusses the effects of public transportation services on the economy in terms of employment, wages, and business income in the US. Public transportation generates numerous jobs in US. First, jobs are created through capital investments that take place in the sector, or to support the sector (Economic development Research, 2). This includes the purchase of vehicles and equipments, development of infrastructure, and other supporting facilities. An analysis conducted by Weisbrod and Reno (1) observed that per every billion dollars spent in investment activities in the US public transportation, approximately 24,000 jobs are supported annually. Public transportation operations are in addition significant sources of employment. These employment opportunities include management, operations, and maintenance of vehicles and facilities. The analysis conducted by Weisbrod and Reno (1) elaborate that for every billion dollars spent on public transportation operations in the US, around 41,000 jobs are supported annually. Moreover, the US public transportation sector helps to create jobs for individuals, or in industries inv olved in providing services such as repairs and car wash. On average, Weisbrod and Reno (1) observed that per every $ billion invested in public transportation sector in US, approximately 36,000 jobs are supported directly or indirectly annually. Investments in public transportation generate wages for employees working in the sector, in addition to individuals working in related sectors. An increase in investment in the sector results in an increase in public transportation spending, leading to employment of persons to fill the new created jobs (United States Department of Transportation, 2). This creates an opportunity for unemployed persons to earn income. The analysis conducted by Weisbrod and Reno (1) indicate that $1 billion investments in the public transportation sector in US results to $1.6 billion increase